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B–Bbar oscillation
Neutral B meson oscillations (or – oscillations) is one of the manifestations of the neutral particle oscillation, a fundamental prediction of the Standard Model of particle physics. It is the phenomenon of B mesons changing (or ''oscillating'') between their matter and antimatter forms before their decay. The can exist as either a bound state of a strange antiquark and a bottom quark, or a strange quark and bottom antiquark. The oscillations in the neutral B sector are analogous to the phenomena that produces long and short-lived neutral kaons.
– mixing was observed by the CDF experiment at Fermilab in 2006 and by LHCb at CERN in 2011.
== Excess of matter over antimatter ==
(詳細はinterest to particle physicists. The observation of the – mixing phenomena led physicists to propose the construction of B-factories in the early 1990s. They realized that a precise – oscillation measure could pin down the unitarity triangle and perhaps explain the excess of matter over antimatter in the universe. To this end construction began on two B-factories in the late nineties, one at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) in California and one at KEK in Japan. These B-factories, BaBar and Belle, were set at the resonance which is just above the threshold for decay into two B mesons.
On 14 May 2010, physicists at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory reported that the oscillations decayed into matter 1% more often than into antimatter, which may help explain the abundance of matter over antimatter in the observed Universe.〔(A New Clue to Explain Existence )〕 However, more recent results at LHCb in 2011 and 2012 with larger data samples have demonstrated no significant deviation from the Standard Model prediction of very nearly zero asymmetry.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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